In the dynamic landscape of education, where knowledge is a passport to understanding the intricacies of the natural world, the CBSE NCERT curriculum serves as a guiding beacon for students across India. Today, we embark on a unique educational odyssey, delving into the realm of "Control and Coordination" through the lens of CBSE NCERT resources. As we navigate this comprehensive exploration, we unlock the doors to a wealth of knowledge.
Unlocking Control and Coordination: A CBSE NCERT Download Perspective
The Nervous System
Movement in Organisms
The ability of organisms to move certain body parts is movement.
When they move from one place to another, it is called locomotion.
Organisms show movements in response to stimuli.
Introduction to Control & Coordination
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Organisms move in response to various kinds of stimuli like light, heat, nutrients/food, etc.
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All the activities in animals are controlled and coordinated by the nervous and endocrine systems.
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Hormones are chemical messengers which assist the nervous system in carrying out various functions. They are secreted by endocrine glands.
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Hormones in plants coordinate the movements.
Neuron
A neuron is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system.
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Each neuron has three main parts: dendrites, cyton/soma/cell body, and axon.
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Dendrites receive impulses from other neurons.
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Cyton/soma processes the impulse.
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Axon transmits the impulse, either to another neuron or to muscles/glands, etc.
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Axon may be myelinated or non-myelinated.
Central Nervous System
The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of the brain and the spinal cord. The functions of different parts of the brain are:
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The cerebrum is responsible for reasoning, logic, emotions, speech, memory, visual processing, recognition of auditory and taste stimuli, etc.
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The cerebellum regulates and coordinates body movements, posture, and balance.
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Pons relay signals from the hindbrain to the forebrain.
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Medulla Oblongata controls all involuntary movements like vomiting, sneezing, yawning, heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, etc.
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Medulla oblongata continues as the spinal cord, which runs through the vertebral column and it controls reflex actions.
Peripheral Nervous System
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The nerves coming out from the brain and the spinal cord constitute the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
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There are 12 cranial nerves and 31 spinal nerves in humans.
Somatic Nervous System
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It forms a part of the PNS.
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The nerves of PNS that control the voluntary actions of the body form the somatic nervous system.
Autonomic Nervous System
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All the nerves of the PNS that control the involuntary actions in the body form the autonomic nervous system. E.g. respiration, heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, etc., are regulated by the autonomic nervous system.
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Two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
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The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for intense physical activity and is often referred to as the fight-or-flight response, while the parasympathetic nervous system has almost the exact opposite effect and relaxes the body and inhibits or slows many high-energy functions.
Reflex Action
Reflex action is a sudden, involuntary reaction of the body in response to stimuli.
Reflex Arc
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It is the path followed by an electrical impulse during a reflex action.
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The impulse travels from the receptor organ to the spinal cord/brain. It is processed there, and the information is brought back to the concerned muscle to carry out the action.
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Thus, the receptor organ, sensory/afferent neuron, interneuron, motor/efferent neuron and effector organ are the components of a reflex arc.
CBSE Class 10 NCERT Science Topics for a Strong Foundation (NCERT DOWNLOAD)
| Chapter Name | Control and Coordination |
| Topic Number | Topics |
| 6.1 | Tropic Movement in Plants |
| 6.2 | Introduction to Plants Hormones |
| 6.3 | Control and Coordination in Animals |
| 6.4 | Nervous System |
| 6.5 | Voluntary, Involuntary and Reflex Actions |
| 6.6 | Chemical Coordination |
| 6.7 | Animal Hormones |
Growth Independent Movements
The movements which are not growth-related are called nastic movements. These movements occur in response to environmental stimuli but the direction of response is not dependent on the direction of the stimulus.
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The movement in the touch-me-not plant is thigmonastic movement (movement in response to touch).
Growth-Related Movements in Plants
The movements that are growth-related are called tropic movements. These movements occur in response to environmental stimuli and the direction of the response is dependent on the direction of the stimulus.
For more information on Tropic Movements in Plants, watch the below video
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Examples:
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Phototropic movement (light-dependent)
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Geotropic movement (gravity-dependent)
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Chemotropic movement (chemical-dependent)
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Hydrotropic movement (water-dependent)
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thigmotropic movement (touch dependent)
Geotropism
The movement of plant parts in response to the earth’s gravitational force is known as geotropism/gravitropism.
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Towards gravity – positive geotropism
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Away from gravity – negative geotropism
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The root grows toward gravity, and the shoot grows away from gravity
Phototropism
The movement of plant parts in response to light is known as phototropism.
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Towards light-positive phototropism.
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Away from light – negative phototropism.
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Stems move toward the light, and roots move away from the light.
Hydrotropism
Movement of plant parts in response to water or moisture.
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Towards water-positive hydrotropism.
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Away from water – negative hydrotropism.
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Again, root movement in search of water is positive hydrotropism.
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E.g. movement of roots towards high humidity level.
Chemotropism
The movement of plant parts in response to chemical stimuli is known as chemotropism.
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Towards chemical-positive chemotropism.
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Away from chemical-negative chemotropism.
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The growth of the pollen tube towards the ovule is positive chemotropism.
Thigmotropism
The movement of plant parts in response to touch is called as thigmotropism.
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Towards touch – Positive thigmotropism.
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Away from touch – negative thigmotropism.
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Movement of tendrils around the support is positive thigmotropism.
The Endocrine System
Exocrine Glands
Exocrine glands are glands that discharge secretions by means of ducts, which open onto an epithelial surface.
Endocrine Glands
Endocrine glands are the ductless glands which secrete hormones into the bloodstream in humans.
The endocrine glands present in the human body are the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pineal, pancreas, ovary (female), testis (male), etc. Let us now learn more about each of the glands below.
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Pituitary Gland
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It is a pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain.
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It is the master gland, as it controls the secretions of all the other endocrine glands.
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It also secretes Growth Hormone (GH). Under-secretion of GH causes Dwarfism, and over-secretion causes Gigantism in children and ‘Acromegaly’ in adults.
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Thyroid Gland
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It is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the throat.
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It secretes the hormone ‘Thyroxine’, which regulates the metabolism of the body.
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Iodine is required to synthesize thyroxine in the body.
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In the case of iodine deficiency, under-secretion of thyroxine leads to goitre.
Pancreas
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It is a leaf-like gland present behind the stomach in the abdomen.
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It is an endocrine as well an exocrine gland.
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As an endocrine gland, it manufactures two hormones – Insulin and glucagon. Both these hormones act antagonistically and regulate the sugar level in the blood.
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As an exocrine gland, it secretes enzymes to break down the proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids in food.
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An insufficient amount of insulin from the pancreas leads to diabetes.
Adrenal Gland
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Occurs in pairs above each kidney.
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It decreases in size with age.
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Secrets the hormone adrenaline, which helps in flight and fight response.
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Also secretes noradrenaline.
CBSE Class 10 Board Exam Sample Paper
[Previous Year Question Solution Maths Download Button]
[Previous Year Question Solution Science Download Button]
| CBSE CLASS 10 Mathematics Chapters |
| Chapter1: Real Numbers |
| Chapter2: Polynomials |
| Chapter3: Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables |
| Chapter4: Quadratic Equations |
| Chapter5: Arithmetic Progressions |
| Chapter6: Triangles |
| Chapter7: Coordinate Geometry |
| Chapter8: Introduction to Trigonometry |
| Chapter9: Some Applications of Trigonometry |
| Chapter10: Circles |
| Chapter11: Areas Related to Circles |
| Chapter12: Surface Areas and Volumes |
| Chapter13: Statistics |
| Chapter14: Probability |
| CBSE CLASS 10 Science Chapters |
| Chapter1: Chemical Reactions and Equations |
| Chapter2: Acids, Bases and Salts |
| Chapter3: Metals and Non-metals |
| Chapter4: Carbon and its Compounds |
| Chapter5: Life Processes |
| Chapter6: Control and Coordination |
| Chapter7: How do Organisms Reproduce? |
| Chapter8: Heredity |
| Chapter9: Light – Reflection and Refraction |
| Chapter10: The Human Eye and the Colourful World |
| Chapter11: Electricity |
| Chapter12: Magnetic Effects of Electric Current |
| Chapter13: Our Environment |
| Class 8 |
| Class 9 |
| Class 11 |
| Class 12 |
CBSE Class 10th Downloadable Resources:
| 1. CBSE Class 10th Topic Wise Summary | View Page / Download |
| 2. CBSE Class 10th NCERT Books | View Page / Download |
| 3. CBSE Class 10th NCERT Solutions | View Page / Download |
| 4. CBSE Class 10th Exemplar | View Page / Download |
| 5. CBSE Class 10th Previous Year Papers | View Page / Download |
| 6. CBSE Class 10th Sample Papers | View Page / Download |
| 7. CBSE Class 10th Question Bank | View Page / Download |
| 8. CBSE Class 10th Topic Wise Revision Notes | View Page / Download |
| 9. CBSE Class 10th Last Minutes Preparation Resources (LMP) | View Page / Download |
| 10. CBSE Class 10th Best Reference Books | View Page / Download |
| 11. CBSE Class 10th Formula Booklet | View Page / Download |
Being in CBSE class 10th and considering the board examinations you must be needing resources to excel in your examinations. At TestprepKart we take great pride in providing CBSE class 10th all study resources in downloadable form for you to keep you going.
Below is the list of all CBSE class 10th Downloads available on TestprepKart for both Indian and NRI students preparing for CBSE class 10th in UAE, Oman, Qatar, Kuwait & Bahrain.
FAQ
Q1: What is the primary function of the nervous system in control and coordination?
Ans: The nervous system facilitates rapid communication between different parts of the body through nerve impulses, enabling quick responses to stimuli and maintaining overall control.
Q2: How do reflex arcs demonstrate the efficiency of the nervous system in control mechanisms?
Ans: Reflex arcs showcase the rapid and automatic responses to stimuli without conscious thought, highlighting the quick and efficient nature of the nervous system in controlling bodily functions.
Q3: In what ways does the endocrine system contribute to control and coordination in living organisms?
Ans: The endocrine system regulates bodily functions through the release of hormones. These chemical messengers travel through the bloodstream, affecting target organs and maintaining a delicate balance of processes like metabolism, growth, and reproduction.
Q4: Explain the concept of muscular coordination and its importance in daily activities.
Ans: Muscular coordination involves the harmonious functioning of muscles and nerves, allowing for precise and controlled movements. This coordination is crucial for activities ranging from simple tasks to intricate movements in daily life.
Q5: How do plants exhibit control and coordination mechanisms?
Ans: Plants display control and coordination through tropic movements, such as phototropism, where they bend towards light sources. These responses to external stimuli demonstrate a form of control and coordination in plant life.
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